Primer

Volume X · 06 · Debris

06 · Ground

Debris

10 km/s closing. One collision is a cloud; the cloud is more collisions. Design for demise, or the 800–1_200 km band keeps the gravel.

In English

Closing speeds are orbital. One smash becomes gravel; gravel becomes more smashes. That feedback is Kessler. Low shells decay. Mid-LEO keeps the mess for decades.

Try this
800 km. Hit Collide a few times. Then 400 km and notice drag is the janitor.
Keep this
Collisions breed collisions. Design for demise.

Lab · Kessler is a feedback loop

10 km/s closing. One collision is a cloud. The cloud is more collisions. Low LEO decays. The 800–1_200 km band does not — Fengyun-1C and Cosmos–Iridium still live there as gravel.

Tracked fragments 8 · collision index 28 · this shell keeps the gravel

Fengyun-1C (2007) and Cosmos-2251/Iridium-33 (2009) still dominate some LEO shells. Collision energy is orbital, so fragments are not “dust.” They are bullets.

25-year deorbit rules and “design for demise” are this lab as policy. Graveyard orbits above GEO are the opposite bet: stay out of the road forever.