Primer

Volume X · 03 · Flock

03 · Coverage

Flock

One LEO sat is in view for minutes. A plane of N birds revisits every T/N. Always-on broadband wants many planes, not one necklace.

In English

One bird is a pass. N birds in a ring revisit every period/N. Covering the globe needs many rings (planes), which is why Starlink is thousands and Iridium was 66.

Try this
Raise sats in a plane, then planes. Watch revisit and fleet size.
Keep this
Always-on LEO is a fleet, not a satellite.

Lab · fill the ring

One LEO sat is in view for minutes. A plane of N equally spaced birds revisits every T/N. Global always-on wants many planes (Walker / Starlink shells), not one necklace.

Sats in one plane · 16

Planes · 1

Revisit in-plane
6.0 min
Fleet
16
vs Starlink shell
a demo

Walker-delta and Streets-of-coverage are the usual patterns. One plane is a necklace; coverage holes sit at the seams unless you add planes.

Iridium 66 was voice and paging. Broadband wants short slant range and small phased arrays, which pushes you to VLEO/LEO and thousands of vehicles.